{"id":31810,"date":"2024-09-14T05:08:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T05:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easysolar.app\/?p=31810"},"modified":"2026-04-15T10:10:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T10:10:49","slug":"jak-nakreslit-elektricke-schema-pro-fotovoltaickou-instalaci-a-jake-ochrany-by-mely-byt-zahrnuty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easysolar.app\/cs\/jak-nakreslit-elektricke-schema-pro-fotovoltaickou-instalaci-a-jake-ochrany-by-mely-byt-zahrnuty\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak nakreslit elektrick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma pro fotovoltaickou instalaci a jak\u00e9 ochrany by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zahrnuty?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tInstitut mistr\u016f fotovoltaiky\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>

EasySolar elektrick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata:<\/span><\/span> Jak nakreslit elektrick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma pro fotovoltaickou instalaci a jak\u00e9 ochrany by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zahrnuty?<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak kreslit elektrick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 instalace, je pomoc\u00ed aplikace\u00a0EasySolar<\/b>, kde lze takov\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch komponent automaticky vygenerovat. Fotovoltaick\u00e1 (PV) instalace se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch komponent, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na elektrick\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu spr\u00e1vn\u011b zobrazeny. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto komponent pln\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed funkci a jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a ochrana jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak nakreslit sch\u00e9ma PV instalace a jak\u00e9 ochrany by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zahrnuty, spolu se symboly, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro jejich zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prvky elektrick\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu fotovoltaick\u00e9 instalace<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>

Sch\u00e9ma PV instalace by m\u011blo zahrnovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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1.\u00a0<\/strong>Fotovoltaick\u00e9 panely (PV moduly)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk nebo sada obd\u00e9ln\u00edk\u016f zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed PV panely.
-> Popis<\/b>: Uve\u010fte po\u010det a v\u00fdkon panel\u016f a zp\u016fsob jejich zapojen\u00ed (s\u00e9riov\u011b, paraleln\u011b nebo kombinace). PV panely vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC).<\/p>

2.\u00a0<\/strong>M\u011bni\u010d
<\/b>-> \u00a0Symbol<\/b>: Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk s ozna\u010den\u00edm m\u011bni\u010de.
-> Popis<\/b>: M\u011bni\u010d p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) z panel\u016f na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC), kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt v dom\u00e1cnosti nebo vracet do nap\u00e1jec\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>

3.\u00a0<\/strong>Baterie (pokud je pou\u017eita)
–<\/b>> Symbol<\/b>: Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk se symbolem baterie.
-> Popis<\/b>: V syst\u00e9mech s ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm energie se baterie pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny. Uve\u010fte v diagramu kapacitu a nap\u011bt\u00ed bateri\u00ed.<\/p>

4.<\/strong> \u0158adi\u010d nab\u00edjen\u00ed (pokud je pou\u017eita)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk se symbolem regul\u00e1toru nab\u00edjen\u00ed.
-> Popis<\/b>: Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v off-grid a hybridn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. \u0158\u00edd\u00ed proces nab\u00edjen\u00ed bateri\u00ed a chr\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159ed p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00edm.<\/p>

5.<\/strong> Sp\u00edna\u010de a ochrany
-> <\/b>Symbol<\/b>: Sp\u00edna\u010de (nap\u0159. \u010d\u00e1rkovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry) nebo pojistky.
-> Popis<\/b>: Ochrann\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed instalaci p\u0159ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, zkraty a p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edmi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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6. A<\/strong> Rozvodn\u00e9 desky AC a DC
-> <\/b>Symbol<\/b>: Obd\u00e9ln\u00edky zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed rozvodn\u00e9 desky.
-> Popis<\/b>: DC rozvodn\u00e1 deska zahrnuje ochrany na DC stran\u011b, zat\u00edmco AC rozvodn\u00e1 deska \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ochrany na AC stran\u011b.<\/p>

7. M\u011b\u0159i\u010d energie
-> <\/strong>Symbol<\/b>: Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk se symbolem m\u011b\u0159i\u010de.
-> Popis<\/b>: Elektrom\u011br sleduje mno\u017estv\u00ed energie vyroben\u00e9 syst\u00e9mem nebo dodan\u00e9 do s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>

8.<\/strong> P\u0159ipojen\u00ed kabel\u016f
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: \u010c\u00e1ry propojuj\u00edc\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 komponenty.
-> Popis<\/b>: Spoje mezi komponentami; pln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 kabely.<\/p>

9.<\/strong> Uzemn\u011bn\u00ed (ochrana proti dotyku zem\u00ed)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: Symbol pro uzemn\u011bn\u00ed (t\u0159i klesaj\u00edc\u00ed vodorovn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry).
-> Popis<\/b>: Ozna\u010duje uzem\u0148ovac\u00ed body, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edmi.<\/p>

10.<\/strong> Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 (pro on-grid syst\u00e9my)
<\/b>->Symbol<\/b>: \u010c\u00e1ra s ozna\u010den\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b.
-> Popis<\/b>: Zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edti, pokud je PV syst\u00e9m p\u0159ipojen do s\u00edt\u011b (on-grid).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ochrany ve fotovoltaick\u00e9 instalaci<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>

Ochrany jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed i u\u017eivatel\u016f. V z\u00e1vislosti na typu syst\u00e9mu (on-grid, off-grid, hybrid) jsou pot\u0159eba r\u016fzn\u00e9 ochrany. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny ty nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ochrany pro stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC)<\/b><\/span><\/p>

1. DC jisti\u010d (DC odpojova\u010d)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: Otev\u0159en\u00fd, \u010d\u00e1rkovan\u00fd \u010dtverec.
-> Popis<\/b>: Umo\u017e\u0148uje ru\u010dn\u011b odpojit fotovoltaickou instalaci od m\u011bni\u010de pro \u00fadr\u017ebu nebo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poruchy.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi fotovoltaick\u00e9 panely a m\u011bni\u010d.<\/p>

2. DC pojistka
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: \u010c\u00e1rkovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra se symbolem pojistky.
-> Popis<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed DC obvod p\u0159ed nadproudem a zkraty.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi fotovoltaick\u00e9 panely a m\u011bni\u010d.<\/p>

3. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ochranu proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed na DC stran\u011b (SPD)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: \u010ctverec s bleskem.
-> Popis<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edmi vyvolan\u00fdmi \u00fadery blesku.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi fotovoltaick\u00e9 panely a m\u011bni\u010d.<\/p>

4. Ochrana proti p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na DC stran\u011b
-> <\/b>Symbol<\/b>: \u010c\u00e1rkovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra s kruhem.
-> Popis<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm v DC obvodu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ochrany pro st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC)<\/b><\/span><\/p>

1. AC jisti\u010d (AC odpojova\u010d)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: Podobn\u00fd jako DC odpojova\u010d, ale na AC stran\u011b.
-> Popis<\/b>: Umo\u017e\u0148uje ru\u010dn\u011b odpojit m\u011bni\u010d od elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Na v\u00fdstupn\u00ed stran\u011b m\u011bni\u010de, p\u0159ed p\u0159ipojen\u00edm do dom\u00e1cnosti nebo ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>

2. AC pojistka
-> <\/b>Symbol<\/b>: Symbol AC pojistky, \u010d\u00e1rkovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra.
-> Popis<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed AC obvod p\u0159ed nadproudem a zkraty.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi m\u011bni\u010dem a domovn\u00ed rozvodnou deskou.<\/p>

3. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ochranu proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed na AC stran\u011b (SPD)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: \u010ctverec s bleskem.
-> Popis<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edmi na AC stran\u011b.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Na AC stran\u011b, mezi m\u011bni\u010dem a domovn\u00ed rozvodnou deskou.<\/p>

5. Proudov\u00fd chr\u00e1ni\u010d (RCD)
<\/b>-> Symbol<\/b>: \u010c\u00e1rkovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra s p\u00edsmenem „R“.
-> Popis<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u00farazem elektrick\u00fdm proudem v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b unikaj\u00edc\u00edch proud\u016f.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: V AC rozvodn\u00e9 desce v dom\u00e1c\u00edch okruz\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed
<\/span><\/b>-> \u00da\u010del<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed rizikem po\u017e\u00e1ru v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
<\/span>-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Obvykle se umis\u0165uj\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch (DC i AC) v z\u00e1vislosti na n\u00e1vrhu syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>

Ochrany pro on-grid syst\u00e9my<\/b><\/span><\/p>

1. Hlavn\u00ed dvoup\u00f3lov\u00fd odpojova\u010d
<\/b>-> \u00da\u010del<\/b>: Odpojuje PV syst\u00e9m od s\u00edt\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poruchy.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi m\u011bni\u010dem a obousm\u011brn\u00fdm elektrom\u011brem.<\/p>

2. Ochrana proti ostrovn\u00edmu provozu (Anti-Islanding)
<\/b>-> \u00da\u010del<\/b>: Zabra\u0148uje tomu, aby m\u011bni\u010d vyr\u00e1b\u011bl energii v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdpadku s\u00edt\u011b.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Obvykle je integrov\u00e1na do m\u011bni\u010de.<\/p>

Ochrany pro off-grid a hybridn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/b><\/span><\/p>

1. Pojistky pro baterie
<\/b>-> \u00da\u010del<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed baterie p\u0159ed nadproudem a zkraty.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi bateriemi a m\u011bni\u010dem nebo \u0159adi\u010dem nab\u00edjen\u00ed.<\/p>

2. \u0158adi\u010d nab\u00edjen\u00ed
<\/b>-> \u00da\u010del<\/b>: Chr\u00e1n\u00ed baterie p\u0159ed p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00edm.
-> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>: Mezi fotovoltaick\u00e9 panely a baterie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak vytv\u00e1\u0159et elektrick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 instalace, je pou\u017e\u00edt aplikaci\u00a0EasySolar<\/b>, kter\u00e1 automaticky generuje sch\u00e9mata v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch komponent a ochran. P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu sch\u00e9matu fotovoltaick\u00e9 instalace je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zahrnout v\u0161echny kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty, jako jsou PV panely, m\u011bni\u010d, rozvodn\u00e9 desky, elektrom\u011bry a ochrany, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi riziky. EasySolar cel\u00fd proces zjednodu\u0161uje, zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee sch\u00e9mata jsou p\u0159esn\u00e1, v souladu s m\u00edstn\u00edmi normami, a \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das t\u00edm, \u017ee automatizuje velkou \u010d\u00e1st pr\u00e1ce spojen\u00e9 s n\u00e1vrhem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Institut mistr\u016f fotovoltaiky EasySolar elektrick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata: Jak nakreslit elektrick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma pro fotovoltaickou instalaci a jak\u00e9 ochrany by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zahrnuty? Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak kreslit elektrick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 instalace, je pomoc\u00ed aplikace\u00a0EasySolar, kde lze takov\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch komponent automaticky vygenerovat. Fotovoltaick\u00e1 (PV) instalace se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch komponent, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nJak nakreslit elektrick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma pro fotovoltaickou instalaci a jak\u00e9 ochrany by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zahrnuty? - EasySolar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fotovoltaick\u00e1 (PV) instalace se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch komponent, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na elektrick\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu spr\u00e1vn\u011b zobrazeny. 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